Investigating the association of micro- and macronutrients patterns (FOODprints) with cardiorenal outcomes and cardiovascular mortality in Lifelines: findings in a prospective healthy subcohort, enriched with deceased individuals in the Northern Neth

We will explore the link between 24-hour urinary measurements of inorganic phosphate excretion and cardiorenal risks, including mortality. Urinary measurements could potentially better distinguish organic and inorganic phosphate intake, which is challenging with current methods such as food questionnaires and serum phosphate. We will also include 24-hour urinary urea nitrogen excretion as a marker of protein intake as inorganic phosphate is associated with low protein additives that have potentially harmful cardiovascular effects, while organic phosphates contain more protein intake. Eventually, by combining inorganic phosphate with other micro- and macronutrients, we aim to identify beneficial and harmful food patterns associated with cardiorenal risks.